Announcements

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Science, Technology and Society

Course Description

Science and technology are essential components of modern society. Indeed, one could argue that the development of science and proliferation of technology are the defining characteristics of modern society. Certainly, very nearly the only value that all countries currently share is an interest in increasing scientific knowledge and improving technological development. In order to effectively communicate and work in today’s globalized world, it is essential for students to understand how science and technology have shaped modern society, and how society, in turn, has shaped science and technology.

Science and technology are essential components of modern society. In this course, we will explore various aspects of the relationship between science, technology and society. Science, Technology and Society Studies (STSS) addresses the question of the role of techno-science in our modern societies from an interdisciplinary matrix of historical, philosophical, sociological, and cultural viewpoints.

We will begin with some lectures on theoretical ideas and approaches that have been used to study scientific practice and the development of technology. We will then study the development of large independent technological systems that have been characteristic of 20th century technology. This will be followed by lectures on information technology and biotechnology, two very current fields that are having a pervasive influence on the way we live

In order to develop a picture of current developments in science and technology, each class I will also spend 10-20 minutes talking about the latest science and technology news from around the world.

Required Texts

Many of the class readings come from An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies by Sergio Sismondo, (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.) This book is available in the SILS reading library, 11-B1, and all of the assigned readings can be downloaded from the class website.

Web Sources for Science and Technology News

The British Broadcasting Corporation’s (BBC) Science and Environment page, and Technology page.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Technology Review.

Science News: Magazine of the Society for Science and the Public.

Science Daily: Your Source for the latest Research News.

Grading

Active participation	30%
Midterm exam (in-class)	35%
Final exam (in-class)	35%

Exams

The exams will be in-class exams. You will have 1.5 hours to work on the exams. There will be three sections: multiple choice (or connections), short answers (1-2 sentences), full descriptions (2-3 paragraphs). Electronic aids (devices, dictionaries, etc.) will not be allowed during the exams.

General Format

The class meets once a week for a lecture. Students are expected to attend the lectures, engage in class discussions, and write a midterm and final exam. After each lecture, there will be a short discussion period for student participation based on questions that I will shown in class. (The discussion questions will not be distributed.)

Classroom Etiquette

Please follow basic rules of decorum – do not sleep, eat, or carry on individual conversations in class. Finally, DO NOT use mobile phones, smart phones, or laptops in class. (Unfortunately, a large percentage of students use their laptops to do unrelated things during class, and this distracts both them and everyone behind them.)

Discussion Topics, Readings and Assignments

Week 1: Apr 15

General introduction to Science, Technology and Society Studies (STSS)

Reading: Sergio Sismondo, “Thomas Kuhn’s revolution in science studies” (An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, chap. 2).

Introduction to science and technology studies

Week 2: Apr 22

The social role of scientists

Reading: Steven Shapin’s article (Seed Magazine), “The state of the scientist”.

The social role of technoscientists

Week 3: Apr 29

The social construction of scientific knowledge and actor-network theory

Reading: Sergio Sismondo, “The strong program of sociology of knowledge” and “Actor-network theory” (An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, chaps. 5 and 6).

Social constructivist theories of technoscience

Holiday: May 6

No Class

No Reading.

Week 4: May 13

What is technology?

Reading: Sergio Sismondo, “Two questions concerning technology” (An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, chap. 9).

Introduction to thinking about technology

Week 5: May 20

Large technological systems
Selections from two movies, Manufactured Landscapes and Unser Täglich Brot (Our Daily Bread, 『いのちの食べ方』).

Reading: Thomas Hughes, “Technology as systems, controls, and information” (Human-Built World, chap. 4); Erik Van Der Vleuten, “Large Technological Systems”.

Large technological systems

Week 6: May 27

Energy in history

Reading: Vaclav Smil, “World History and Energy”.

Energy and civilization

Week 7: Jun 3 (Midterm exam)

Midterm exam: In-class written exam, no electronic aids.

No reading.

Week 8: Jun 10

History of electronic computers

Reading: David F. Channell, A History of Technoscience, “Electronics”.

History of electronic computers

Week 9: Jun 17

Information technology and society

Reading: Mark McLelland, Haiqing Yu, and Gerard Goggin, “Alternative histories of social media in Japan and China”.

Supplementary reading (optional): Baohua Zhou, Shihui Gui, Fumitoshi Kato, Kana Ohashi, and Larissa Hjorth, “The development of the mobile internet in China and Japan”.

Information technology and society

Week 10: Jun 24

History of modern biology

Reading: Stephen Downes, “Biological Information” (from The Philosophy of Science, an encyclopedia, Sarkar, S., Pfeifer, J., eds.).

History of modern biology

Week 11: Jul 1

Biotechnology

Reading: Robert Bud, “History of biotechnology” (from the Cambridge History of Science, vol. 6).

Supplementary material (optional): Motherboard documentary on The Future of Medicine; documentary by DW on Big Pharma.

A history of biotechnology

Week 12: Jul 8

Psychology and society

Reading: Michael Lewis, ”How Two Trailblazing Psychologists Turned the World of Decision Science Upside Down“.

Psychology and Society

Week 13: Jul 15

Studying human sexuality: Biological or social?

Reading: Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá, “The ape in the mirror” and “On Mona Lisa’s mind” (from Sex at Dawn).

Supplementary reading (optional): Maryanne L. Fisher, “Woman’s intrasexual competition for mates”.

Studying human sexuality

Week 14: Jul 22 (Final exam)

Final exam: In-class written exam, no electronic aids.

No reading.